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Oil spill response in port areas: governance and the polluter pays principle

Valentin, Carlan,  Heaver Trevor, Sys Christa, Vanelslander Thierry. “Oil spill response in port areas : governance and the polluter-pays principle.”  International journal of transport economics. 45.3.(2018): 367-391.

This article reports on a study of the economic implications of oil spill response regimens in eight ports in six countries: Antwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Southampton, Vancouver (Canada), Houston, Los Angeles and Seattle. The authors conclude that the principle of the “polluter pays” plays out differently in varying real-world setting due to varying degrees of effectiveness, and that there are significant differences between strategies for allocating cost responsibility amongst countries.